Success! In Clinical Laboratory Science – Urinalysis and Body Fluids (UA/BF) Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Xanthochromia in all three CSF tubes collected from a patient is most indicative of which condition?
• With urinary tract infections, which white blood cell type is most frequently seen in urine sediment?
• Which statement best describes the reason the first-voided morning urine is preferred for routine urinalysis?
• In the nephrotic syndrome case, which serum abnormality would you expect?
• Which combination best supports a urinary tract infection on urinalysis?
• In synovial fluid analysis, the WBC count threshold that suggests inflammatory arthritis is greater than how many cells per microliter?
• Which lipid-related sediment element was observed occasionally in the nephrotic syndrome case?
• White blood cells in urine sediment in a healthy person are typically within which range?
• Microalbumin testing is primarily used for early detection of glomerular disease in which condition?
• The formed element associated with ornithine and arginine is linked to which category of substances in urine?
• Oval fat bodies and lipid-laden casts are most associated with which condition?
• Which term is defined as a urine specific gravity which is 1.035?
• Which statement best describes the principle of the SSA precipitation test?
• Hexagonal crystals are indicative of which congenital disorder?
• Which substance in urine contributes to the specimen's specific gravity when present?
• Envelope-shaped crystals are characteristic of which crystal type?
• Approximately how many hyaline casts per low-power field were reported in the described sediment?
• What does cloudiness or turbidity in urine commonly indicate?
• Which type of urine collection reduces contamination for culture and analysis?
• Substances normally dissolved in urine share which characteristic?
• The CSF glucose level is typically what percent of serum glucose?
• Xanthochromia in CSF is most closely associated with which finding?
• A pediatric urine sample shows many six-sided crystals. The most likely diagnosis is:
• A urine sample with pH 5.0, many uric acid crystals, and 20-50 RBC/hpf most strongly suggests which disease pattern?
• Hexagonal crystals observed in a pediatric urine specimen are most strongly associated with which condition?
• Which statement about nitrite in urine after collection is supported by the material?
• What pre-analytic factor most affects the reliability of urine protein testing on dipsticks?
• An infant's urine contains 500 mg/dL galactose and no glucose. Which of the following test results would be obtained?
• Which urinalysis finding is diagnostic for glomerulonephritis?
• In the first-morning, clean-catch specimen from a diabetic patient, which statement is true?
• Uromodulin protein can be found in urine due to which of the following conditions?
• Which cast type is associated with chronic and advanced renal disease?
• Which urine test finding is least reliable for indicating a bacterial urinary tract infection because it can be found in healthy individuals?
• Isosthenuria is defined by a series of urine specimens from the same patient showing what characteristic?
• Granular casts in urine sediment are most indicative of which renal finding?
• Which cast type represents the most advanced and pathological formation?
• If a fasting plasma glucose level is 100 mg/dL, what is the expected fasting CSF glucose level?
• Which crystal type is associated with gout?
• Which crystal is commonly associated with alkaline urine and urinary tract infections (infection stones)?
• What is the best indicator that a reagent strip is inappropriate to use when first opened?
• Red blood cells in urine sediment are usually measured per high-power field. What is the typical normal range?
• If a dipstick detects protein but albumin is not detected by other methods, what is the clinical significance?
• Which statement best corresponds to a nitrite marker in urine analysis?
• If a patient has more than 20 RBC/hpf but a negative urine dipstick for blood, which could explain this discrepancy?
• Which cell type predominates in CSF during classic viral meningitis?
• Which statement best describes clinically significant proteinuria?
• Which urinalysis reagent strip test will never be reported out as negative?
• What is the most common component of urine casts and what does it indicate?
• The colorimetric reagent strip test for protein is able to detect as little as 5-20 mg of protein per deciliter. What may cause a false-positive urine protein reading?
• Which diagnosis is suggested by nitrite-positive, leukocyte esterase-positive urine with 25-40 WBC/hpf and moderate bacteria in a young woman?
• Which finding corresponds to crenated red blood cells in urine?
• A urine sample shows protein detected by sulfosalicylic acid but negative on dipstick. This pattern most likely indicates presence of which type of protein?
• Quality control for reagent strips should be performed in which manner?
• In high-power field examination, which finding is most consistent with a fiber artifact rather than a true cast?
• Xanthochromia in CSF is most closely associated with elevated levels of which substance?
• Two tests for protein in urine show conflicting results: reagent strip is negative while sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) testing is 2+ positive. Which explanation best accounts for this difference?
• Why can't occult blood tests using anti-hemoglobin detect bleeding that originates in the esophagus?
• The SSA precipitation test detects what in urine?
• What does a positive ketone test signify on dipstick?
• What does a positive protein result on a urine dipstick indicate?
• An increased number of the urinary component described in a given plate is most consistent with which condition?
• Which two measurements are required to calculate the albumin:creatinine ratio in urine?
• Which statement about the pattern of dark brown urine with moderate bilirubin and low urobilinogen is most consistent with biliary obstruction?
• Among the following, which statement correctly describes substances normally dissolved in urine?
• Mucus and sloughed cells observed in bladder catheterized urine sediment most likely reflect what?
• Which interpretation best explains the finding of a prominent fiber artifact in urine sediment analysis?
• Which statement about crystals seen in urine is true?
• Which statement about pregnancy screening immunoassays is true?
• How is chylous ascites characterized?
• Why is a first-morning urine sample often preferred for assessing proteinuria?
• In a patient with diabetes who takes megadoses of vitamin C, which result on a glucose pad of a urine reagent strip is most likely?
• Which statement accurately reflects Light's criteria for exudate in pleural fluid?
• Which urinalysis finding most strongly supports a true urinary tract infection?
• Which statement about hyaline casts is true?
• Which characteristic would indicate a serous effusion is exudative rather than transudative?
• Which microscopy technique can be used to observe the primary urinary components described?
• Which cell type predominates in CSF during acute bacterial meningitis?
• The dipstick protein detection can detect as little as 5-20 mg of protein per deciliter. Which option accurately states this range?
• Urine pH influences crystal formation in which way?
• In a urine sediment where hyaline casts and mucus are present with normal chemical results, what is the most likely interpretation?
• When dipstick detects albumin but non-albumin proteins predominate in urine, what is the likely explanation?
• If bacteria are detected in a specimen, which finding suggests bacteria were introduced during collection rather than from a urinary tract infection?
• The mucin clot test in synovial fluid analysis is used to assess what?
• Pseudogout crystals are typically described as which?
• Which crystals appear rhomboid or rosette shapes and are common in acidic urine?
• What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?
• A 40-year-old female with nephrotic syndrome features, which condition is suggested?
• To detect casts more easily in urine sediment, which microscopic method is used?
• Which finding is most specific for chylous ascites?
• The reagent test strips used for the detection of protein in urine are most reactive to
• Which urine crystal is most likely seen in acidic urine?
• A SAAG value of 1.2 g/dL indicates ascites due to which cause?
• Which finding suggests that the urine sample collection was likely incorrect?
• Which cell type would be part of the urine microscopy pattern in a patient who had a catheter inserted and then removed from the urethra and bladder?
• What do WBC casts indicate?
• Which statement is true about urinary crystals that may resemble other crystals such as cysteine crystals?
• Which item is included in the quality assurance program for a urinalysis laboratory as a preanalytical component?
• On the reagent strip, which test pad has the longest manual wait time, and color that develops after the timer ends should be...
• A first morning urine albumin is 109 mg/dL and creatinine is 410 mg/dL. Which value is the albumin:creatinine ratio?
• What is the typical color range of healthy urine?
• What is the expected pH range of a freshly voided urine specimen?
• A 22-year-old female with Acetest 40 mg/dL and urine glucose 500 mg/dL presents for evaluation. Which interpretation best matches these results?
• Which diagnosis is most consistent with the laboratory pattern described (high urine glucose and positive Acetest)?
• An eGFR of 42 mL/min/1.73 m2 should be interpreted as what?
• Bacteria in urine sediment with a positive nitrite test indicates what?
• Low or absent urobilinogen on dipstick indicates possible biliary obstruction or severe liver disease with reduced bilirubin turnover.
• White blood cells in urine sediment are typically normal up to how many per high-power field?
• Which statement best reflects what the leukocyte test pad on a urine reagent strip measures when read at the appropriate time?
• Which finding on microscopic urinalysis is most consistent with a glomerular source of injury?
• What is the normal pH range for urine?
• Patients with diabetes insipidus tend to produce urine in which volume and specific gravity?
• Which sediment finding is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome due to lipiduria?
• A low or absent urobilinogen on the dipstick is most consistent with which scenario?
• Which statement best describes Light's criteria for distinguishing exudative from transudative pleural effusions?
• Budded yeast in urine sediment suggests which possibility?
• A urine specimen that exhibits white foam on being shaken should be suspected of having an increased concentration of
• Dark brown urine with moderate bilirubin and low urobilinogen (0.2 mg/dL) is most clinically significant for which condition?
• The formed element described is usually found with which pair of soluble amino acids?
• Which statement best characterizes urinary crystals that may resemble cysteine crystals?
• Which statement about the first-voided morning urine specimen is true for routine urinalysis?
• A urine sample showing white foam on shaking implies increased concentration of which component?
• The protein test on dipsticks is most sensitive to which protein?
• Interference by vitamin C on certain reagent strip pads is an example of which test characteristic?
• What does a positive bilirubin result on urine dipstick indicate?
• Which finding would most strongly suggest sample collection contamination rather than true urinary pathology?
• Which statement about nitrite testing in urine is correct?
• In a routine morning urinalysis, if the major formed elements are hyaline casts and mucus, this sediment is best described as what?
• Which finding in urinary sediment is more easily distinguished by polarized microscopy?
• What is the normal CSF cell count?
• The primary urinary components shown are composed of which protein?
• Pseudogout crystals are associated with which crystal type, shape, and birefringence?
• Which condition involves increased levels of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid originating from within the central nervous system?
• Megadoses of vitamin C can alter reagent strip results; which specific parameter is most likely falsely decreased?
• Glitter cell is a term used to describe a specific type of what?
• Which finding is most indicative of nephrotic-range protein loss?
• If the predominant formed element in a urine sediment indicates a normal sample, which option best describes the sample?
• Which condition is characterized by immunoglobulins in the CSF produced within the CNS, as seen in demyelinating diseases?
• What does a positive glucose on urine dipstick indicate?
• Monosodium urate crystals are characterized by which features?
• What is the normal CSF protein range?
• What crystal shape is characteristic of uric acid crystals?
• Hexagonal crystals are associated with which condition?
• Which interpretation of urinalysis findings best supports urinary tract infection?
• Which observation is most directly associated with an inflammatory process in the urinary tract?
• Which condition can cause reddish urine color?
• Normal CSF contains which cell type in small numbers?
• Which pleural fluid finding is most characteristic of empyema?
• Which statement is true?
• What does a positive leukocyte esterase indicate?
• A patient’s urine shows a 'small' blood result on the reagent strip. In which of the following scenarios could this occur in a healthy person?
• Triple phosphate (struvite) crystals are favored by alkaline urine. If they are not seen on a day they are typically present, what is the most likely explanation?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between hydration and urine color?
• What does the presence of many squamous epithelial cells in urine sediment suggest?
• Broad (waxy) casts in urine sediment suggest which condition?
• A routine urinalysis on a young child with diarrhea shows negative glucose but positive ketones. Which explanation is most likely?
• Which factors can cause false-negative dipstick results?
• Which statement best describes the primary significance of microalbumin testing?
• If the first morning albumin is high relative to creatinine, what clinical interpretation is most appropriate?
• Red blood cells in urine sediment in a healthy individual are typically within which range?
• What do RBC casts indicate?
• A patient with dysuria provides a first-morning urine sample; there are many bacteria but nitrite is negative. Which explanation could account for this result?
• Which observation would suggest the need to read a reagent strip color after the 2-minute mark should be ignored?
• Which pleural fluid parameter best indicates exudate rather than transudate?
• A serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) of 1.1 g/dL or higher indicates ascites most likely due to which cause?
• If the blood pad on a reagent strip appears speckled, which of the following may be true?
• Urine specimens should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. If urine specimens are allowed to stand at room temperature for an excessive amount of time, the urine pH will become alkaline because of bacterial decomposition of
• What is the normal opening pressure range for cerebrospinal fluid in adults?
• Which statement about the role of internal controls in pregnancy screening kits is true?
• A negative nitrite test with positive leukocyte esterase suggests?
• Which solute is a major component of a 24-hour urine sample?
• Which color is most significantly affected by bilirubin in a routine urinalysis?
• How should controls be run to ensure the precision and accuracy of the reagent test strips used for the chemical analysis of urine?
• Which reagent strip measurement is typically not negative in routine urinalysis?
• What is the purpose of quality controls in automated urine analyzers?
• What is recommended to preserve urine samples for microscopy?
• In which disorder will urine turn black if the sample's pH becomes alkaline upon standing?
• Isosthenuria describes a fixed urine specific gravity that is around which value across serial samples?
• What does a positive nitrite test on dipstick suggest?